Aims. The course is concerned with two central questions: what we know and what we should believe. It approaches these questions by examining candidate principles for knowledge and justified belief. Examples of such principles are: what is known is true; one should believe only what one knows; it is not justified to have contradictory beliefs; it is justified to believe what follows from one’s beliefs, and so on. Studying such principles is one of the main ways in which contemporary philosophers gain insight into what knowledge is, what we know and what we should believe.
Topics. The first week, taught by Sven Rosenkranz, provides a general introduction to epistemology, its central conceptual distinctions and core questions (25 - 29 January, 2021). The second week is taught by Julien Dutant, King’s College London (1 - 5 February, 2021). It will cover views of knowledge in Western philosophy, the contemporary debate on the analysis of knowledge, some influential contemporary theories of knowledge and their implications for some of our principles. It will also ask what we should believe, in particular whether we should believe what is sufficiently probable, whether our beliefs should be coherent, whether we should believe the consequences of what we believe, and whether we may believe things we know we don’t know. Along the way it will provide students with formal tools that are essential for epistemology: epistemic logic, probability theory, epistemic utility theory. A detailed provisional programme for week 2 is provided below.
Provisional programme for week 2. The programme may be adjusted before the course starts. Main readings for each unit are listed; these are not mandatory, but recommended for those who wish to get deeper in some topic.
Week 2, Day 1: The concept of knowledge
Knowledge in the history of philosophy
Theories of knowledge since Gettier
Week 2, Day 2: Epistemic Logic
Introduction to epistemic logic
An application: Lewis’ theory of knowledge
Week 2, Day 3: Safety and the KK principle
From epistemic logic to safety
The KK principle
Week 2, Day 4: Epistemic enkrasia; Introduction to probability theory and epistemic utility theory
Epistemic enkrasia
Introduction to probability theory and epistemic utility theory
Week 2, Day 5: The Lottery and the Preface
The lottery paradox and the preface paradox
Knowledge-based approaches to the lottery and preface